Firearm



F. K. YOUNG Jan. 12, 1932."

FIREARM Filed Sept. 27, 1929 3 Sheets-Sheet ybu igj by 1 flay.

F. K. YOUNG- Jan. 12, 1932.

FIREARM Filed Sept. 27, 1929 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 '72 K Yowy any.

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Jan. 12, 1932.

F. K, YOUNG FIREARM Filed Sept. 27, 1929 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 [771/671, WWI/77th. y

Patented J. 12, 1932:

FRANKLIN K; YOUNG, 0F WINTHROP, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO UNITED AUTOMATIC RIFLES CORPORATION, OF DOVER, DELAWARE, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE i Application filed September 27, 1929. Serial No. 895,682.

This invention relates to an improvement in firearms, and particularly to a firearm of automatic or semi-automatic type.

The object of the invention is to provide an automatic, or semi-automatic type of firearm having a fixed non-recoilable barrel together with a bolt mechanism operable either automatically by the pressure of the gasesof explosion, or by hand.

Another object of the invention is to provide a bolt breech mechanism for an automatic, or semi-automatic firearm consisting of a minimum number of simple, strong and durable parts inexpensive to manufacture and capable ofbeing assembled and disassembled in a minimum amount of time, the

various parts of said mechanism being so associated with each other that theliability of the mechanism to jam is reduced to a minimum, and if said mechanism should become jammed, it may be released in a minimum amount of time.

Still another object of the invention is to provide an actuator for a bolt breech mechanism which is independent of-the automatic function of the bolt mechanism and is capable of being operated only by hand.

Another object of the invention is to pro- 'vide means for positively controlling and guiding the movement'of the bolt atevery portion of either its forward or rearward movements. v

Still another object of the invention is to provide an effective means for insuring the rapid and easy revolution of the bolt whether looking or unlocking.

Another object of the invention is to provide a simple and positive locking means whereby accidental or involuntary discharge of a cartridge within the firing chamber is rendered impossible, it being possibe to carry the firearm both loaded and cocked without danger of accidental discharge. V

Another object of the invention is to provide a bolt mechanism for a firearm of the type. mentioned, the component parts ofwhich are so associated with each other that except when the breech bolt is locked in the firing position.

' Another object is to provide means whereby the striker may be cooked without unlocking the bolt.,

Another object is to provide sim lo and positive means for automatically coc ing the itrliker during the forward movement of the Another vide a novel-striker mechanism whereby the cartridge may be discharged without employing either a hammer or a spring actuated firing pin contained within the bolt, or by the forward movement of the bolt.

Another object is to provide a structure which will permit the extractor to remain stationary when the bolt is rotated.

The invention, furthermore, contemplates a structure of breech bolt mechanism which will minimize the liability of unoiled cartrid e cases to rupture when the cartridge is fire and furthermore, the various parts of the bolt mechanism are so constructed, that all of said parts may be interchangeable with similar parts of other firearms of like type. The general structure, furthermore, of the exterior of the firearm is such as to minimize the liability of water, sand and other foreign matter entering into the interior thereof.

Finally, another object of this invention is to provide a simple, efficient and inexpensive breech mechanism whereby the selfloading function can be incorporated with any firearm in which the barrel is, or can be fixed. r

The inventionconsists in a firearm as set forth in the following specification and particularly aspointed out in the claims thereof.

broken away to save space in the drawings,

the striker being illustrated in cocked position.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged vertical sectional elevation extending through the breech portion of the firearm, portions of which are, furthermore, broken away to save space in the drawings.

Fig. 5 is a detail vertical transverse section taken on the line 55 of Fig. 4, looking in the direction of the arrows on said line.

Fig. 6 is a detail vertical transverse section taken on the line 66 of Fig. 4, looking in the direction of the arrows on said ine.

' Fig. 7 'is a detail transverse section taken on the line 77, Fig. 3, looking in the direction of the arrows on said line.

b Fig. 8 is a detail end elevation of the breech Fig. 9 is a detail transverse section through the bolt and extractor illustrating the manner of fastening the latter to the former.

Like numerals refer to like parts throughout the several views of the drawings.

In the drawings, 10 is a stock, 11 is a re ceiver, 12 a barrel provided with a firing chamber 12, 13 a hand guard, 14 a holder for a magazine 15 and 16 is a trigger guard, the latter being formed integral with the magazine holder 14. The barrel 12 is detachably mounted at the forward-end of the receiver 11 having screw-threaded engagement therewith at 17. The receiver 11 with the barrel 12 mounted therein is rigidly clamped to the stock 10, together with the magazine holder 14 and trigger guard 16 by means of screws 18 and 19, the screw 18 passing through the rear portion of the trigger guard, thence through the stock and into the rear portion of the receiver, and the screw 19 passing through the forward portion of the magazine holder and into the forward portion of the receiver and thereby firmly securing all of said parts together.

The stock 10, and guard 13 and barrel 12, which is located therebetween, are all secured firmly together by means of a lower band 20, see Figs. 1 and 2, and by an upper band not illustrated in the drawings but well known to those skilled in the art. The magazine 15 which holds a plurality of cartridges 21 in a well known manner is detachably secured within the holder 14 by means of a spring actuated catch 22.

Located within the receiver 11 is a bolt 23 and the latter is adapted to be both recipro cat-ed and rotated within said receiver within a bolt chamber 24 which extends the entire length of the receiver 11. The bolt 23 consists principally of a cylindrical locking sleeve 25, a bolt head 26 which is yieldably mounted within the locking sleeveand a connector 27 which is loosely mounted within the locking sleeve 25 at the rear of the bolt head 26. The bolt head 26 embodies therein rounds the stem portion of the bolt head and is interposed between the rear extremity of i the sleeve 29 and a shouldered portion of the bore 28.

The front portion of the bolt head 26 projects beyond the front extremity of the locking sleeve 25 and where the bore 28 of the latter emerges at the front extremity of the locking sleeve, a tapered or countersunk recess 31 is formed which is adapted to receive a complimentary tapered portion 32 that is provided upon the bolt head 26. The tapered surfaces 31 and 32 are normally spaced a slight distance apart, see Fig. 3. The front portion of the sleeve 29 is also countersunk to fit the tapered surface 32 of the bolt head against which it is held by the spring 30. The front extremity of the bolt head 26 is recessed to receive the rear end of the cartridge casing.

The connector 27 is cylindrical in form and is loosely mounted within an enlarged cylindrical portion 33 of the bore 28 at the rear of the bolt head 26 and rigidly secured to said connector and projecting forwardlyfrom the front extremity thereof is a striker 34, and the latter projects into and through a hole 35 which extends entirely through the bolt head 26 in a manner to permit the striker to engage the rear extremity of a cartridge located within the firing chamber 12' for the purpose of exploding said cartridge.

When the connector is located in its extreme forward position, the front extremity thereof contacts with the rear extremity of the stem of the bolt head 26 in a position to receive a rearward thrust from said bolt head When the cartridge in the firing chamber is exploded.

The locking sleeve 25 is locked in its forward position by means of locking lugs 36 and 37, both of which project laterally from the periphery of the locking sleeve 25 at the forward end thereof. The locking lugs 36' and 37 are oppositely disposed to each other and both of said lugs are adapted to engage a shoulder 38 provided upon the receiver within the bolt chamber 24. Another lug 39 projects laterally from the periphery of the locking sleeve 25' and when the latter is in its extreme forward and locked position, the rear edge of said lug engages a shoulder 40 provided upon the exterior of the receiver 11 and cooperates with the lugs 36 and 37 in holding the locking sleeve 25 in its lockedposition.

Guideways 41 and 42 are provided upon opposite sides of the receiver 11 within the bolt chamber 24 thereof and during the rearward movement of the locking sleeve 25, the locking lugs 36 and 37 travel rearwardly in said guideways, having a free sliding fit therein, and the locking sleeve is guided thereby.

The mechanism for rotating the locking sleeve 25 in order that the same may be both locked and unlocked is as follows :-Loosely mounted within the guideway 41 is an pe1'.

ator 43, and said operator has an' edge 44 which is curved to fit the periphery of the locking sleeve of the bolt. A pin 45 projects laterally from the edge 44 of the operator 43 through a slot 46 formed in the locking sleeve 25 and into a hole 47 provided in the connector 27 in a manner to permit the operator 43 to reciprocate longitudinally of the bolt in unison with the connector. The slot 46 is provided with straight'portions 48 and 49 which extend lengthwise of the locking sleeve 25 of the bolt and an intermediate helical portion 50, see Fig. 4.

During the forward and rearward move ments of the connector 27 the operator 43 will move in unison therewith, owing to the fact I that said operator is located within the guideway 41, and because of the fact that the pin extends from the operator through the slot 46 into the connector 27, the pin 45 upon engaging the helical portion 50 of the slot 46 will cause the locking sleeve 25 of the bolt to be rotated.

During the rearward movement of the connector 27, the locking sleeve 25 will be rotated to disengage the locking lugs 36 and 37 from the shoulder 38, thereby unlocking the bolt, and during the forward movement of the connector, after the bolt head 26 has been moved forwardly into engagement with the rear extremity of the cartridge which is located within the firing chamber 12 of the barrel 12, the locking sleeve 25 will be rotated in a manner to re-engage the locking lugs 36 and 37 with the shoulder 38, and thereby lock the sleeve 25 in position to pen mit the cartridge to be exploded.

The connector 27 is operatively connected with a helical type action spring 51 which is located in the rear portion of the stock 10 by means of a fiat bar 52, the forward end of which is pivotally attached-at 53.to said connector. The bar 52 extends from the connector 27 rearwardly through the bolt chamber 24 and the rear extremity of said bar rests loosely in a recess 54 provided in a bushing 55 which, in turn, is slidably mounted in a sleeve 56 which also acts as a retaining member for the action spring 51. The front extremity of the actionspring 51 contacts with the rear extremity of the bushing 55 and the action of said spring is always to force the bushing 55, bar 52 and connector 27 forwardly.

Mounted upon the locking sleeve 25 of the bolt 23 and movable longitudinally in unison therewith is a cartridge extractor 57. The extractor 57 is secured to the sleeve 25 by H means ofa split collar 58 in a manner to cated within said guideway. At its front end the extractor interlocks with the bolt head 26 in amanner topermit the former to yield in unison with the latter see Fig. 2. Furthermore a pin 61 projects from the extractor into the front portion of the bolt head, seeFig. 8, in order that the bolt head will be prevented from rotating, when the locking sleeve is rotated.

The extractor 57 extends rearwardly from the collar 58 and terminates approximately flush with the rear extremity of the locking sleeve 25 and said extractor is grooved transversely thereof at 62 to receive the lug 39 when the locking sleeve 25 is located in its unlocked position. The extractor 57 is extended rearwa-rdly to the rear portion of the locking sleeve 25 in order that the portion of the guideway that is located directly at the rear of an opening 114 that is provided in the top of the receiver 11, through which the exploded cartridge shells are ejected, may be utilized as a guide for the rear .portion of said extractor during its reciprocating movement and, furthermore, during the reclproeating movement of the locking sleeve, the lug 39 will engage the opposite sides of the groove 62 and in particular will exert a,

bolt mechanism to open the same is as. fol-' lows :Mounted upon the firearm at one side of the barrel 12 is a guide 63, the forward end of which is fastened at 64 to the barrel and the rear being fastened at 65 to the front portion of the receiver. A slot 66 is formed in the guide 63 and mounted upon the front faceof the latter in front of said slot is a slide 67, a rear end portion 68 of which projects into the guideway 41. The slide 67, furthermore, is guided at 69 at a point ad acent to the rear end of the guide 63 and the forward end of said slide 67 projects through the slot 66 and has a tooth 70 provided thereon upon the inner side of the guide 53, the width of said tooth upon the inner side of said guide being wider than the width of the slot 67 thereby holding the forward port on of the slide 67 firmly positioned upon the guide, see Fig. 7.

- The front face 71 of the slide 67 is furthermore adapted to contact with an inner face 72 of the guideway 41. A short cylindrical projection 73 projects from the rear face of the end portion 68 of the slide 67 and is adapted to project into a complementary recess 74' otal pin 81 which, in turn, is rotatably mounted in a bracket 82 fast to the forward end of the slide 67. The pin 81 has a head portion 83 having a cam surface 84 formed upon its periphery and when the handle 80 is moved from the full line position illustrated in Fig. 7 to the dotted line position in said figure, the cam surface 84 will engage the outer extremity of the pin 78 and force the latter inwardly a sufficient amount to disengage the latch 75 from the tooth 7 O of the slide 67, thereby permitting the latter to be moved rearwardly.

When the handle 80jis located in the dotted line position illustrated in Fig. 7 a corner portion 85 of said handle will engage a portion of the bracket 82 and prevent the handle from being moved upwardly beyond the dotted line position;

In operating the bolt mechanism by hand all that is required is to grasp the handle 80 and rock the latter upwardly from the full line position of Fig. 7 to the dotted line position, thereby releasing the latch 75 from the tooth 70 of the slide 67 and then pull the handle 80 rearwardly, moving the slide 67 rearwardly and engaging the rear end portion 68 of said slide with the operator 43,

'and a continued rearward movement of the slide 67 and operator 43 will cause the bolt 23 to be unlocked and moved to its open position in exactly the same manner as if the bolt were actuated automatically'by an exploded cartridge. The action spring 51 will then act to move the bolt forwardly to its closed position, at the sametime returning the slide 67 to its normal position, after which the handle 80 is thrown downwardly to its lowered position, thereby permitting the latch to engage the tooth 7 Oand thereafter hold the slide 67 in its normal position. .I

The trigger mechanism is as follows:-.

Pivotally mounted at 86 upon the under side of the receiver 11 is a holder 87 for a sear 88 and a trigger 89. A spring 90 normally acts to hold a portion 91 of the holder 87in contact with the under surface of the receiver 11 as illustrated in Fig. 4. The sear 88 is pivotally mounted at 92 in the holder 87 and projects upwardly through an opening provided therefor in the receiver in a manner to engage a projection 93 provided upon the bar 52. A spring 94 interposed between a portion of the sear and a portion of the holder 87 act-s to hold the front edge of the sear against a stop provided upon the holder.

' The trigger 89 is pivoted at 95 to the holder 87 and in its normal position a portion 96 of said trigger engages the under surface of the receiver 11. A pawl 97is slidably mounted in a groove .98 provided in the trigger 89 and a shank 99 of said pawl projects from the bottom of the groove 98 through the trigger and has a head portion 100 which is adapted to engage the rear edge of the trigger and constitute a. stop for the pawl. A spring 101 surrounds the shank 99 and acts to normally hold the pawl in its outermost position, at which time said pawl will engage a portion 102 of the sear 88. When the striker 34 is cooked, the projection 93 the sear 88, being held thereagainst by the tension of the action spring 51.

When the trigger mechanism is actuated to release the striker to explode a cartridge, the movement of the lower portion of the trigger rearwardly will cause the portion 96 of said trigger that engages the under side of the receiver 11 to rock the rear portion 91 of the holder 87 out of engagement with the under side of said receiver, and this rocking movement of the holder 87 will cause the rear edge portioniof the sear that is in engagementg with the projection 93 of the bar 52 to move downwardly a slight distance along the front face of said projection. At the same time the rocking movement of the trigger 89 will cause the pawl 97 to rock the sear 88 in the holder 87 in such a manner that the upper portion of the sear that is in engagement with the projection 93 will move rearwardly against the tension provided by the action spring 51, and when the sear has moved downwardly and rearwardly a sufiicient amount to become disengaged from the projection 93, the bar 52 will-be released, permitting the connector 27 to-move forwardly and forcing the striker 34 into engagement with the cartridge in the firing chamber 12'.

If the trigger 89 is actuated when the stri ker 34 is not cooked, the trigger, holder and sear will all be rocked upon their respective pivots until the pawl 97 becomes disengaged from the portion 102 of the sear 88, whereupon the sear will be returned to its normal position by-means of the spring 94, and when the trigger is released, a bevelled end portion 103 will engage the rear edge of the portion 102 of the sear, and the pawl will be forced rearwardly until the front tip thereof is released by the upper edge of the portion 102, whereupon the spring 101 will force the pawl outwardly from the groove 98 and said pawl will return to the position illus trated in Fig. 4.

By providing the yielding pawl 97, it is impossible for more than one cartridge to be exploded each time the trigger 89 is actuated, for the reason that the various parts of the trigger mechanism are so associated with each other that when the trigger 89 is pulled. the pawl 97 will become disengaged from the portion 102 of the sear and the latter will immediately be returned by the spring 94 to its normal position, where it will be located in a position to become engaged with theprojection 93 of the bar 52 during the next forward movement of the latter.

The safety means which is provided for the purpose of preventingaccidental or involuntary discharge of a cartrid e within the firing chamber is as follows igidly fastened to a spindle 104 which is mounted to rotate in suitable bearings at a side of the receiver 11 is a locking member 105 having of the receiver 11 for the purpose of closing a handle portion 106 which is adapted to be engaged and operated by the thumb. A portion of the periphery of the member 105 iscut away at 107 a portion of the length of said member and thereby provides an abutment 108 upon said member, see Fig. 3. Another portion of the periphery of the member 105 is cut away at 109 the entire length of said member.

Formed integral with the holder 87 and trated in Fig. 5, at which time the cut away portion 109 of the locking member 105 is located directly above the upper extremity of 'the arm 110, and upon pulling the trigger 89,

the holder 87 is caused to be rocked to actuate the sear 88, thereby releasing the connector 27 and forcing the striker 34 against the cartride. At this time also the abutment 108 is in a position to engage the locking lug 37 during the rearward movement of the bolt,

and limit said movement. The abutment108 will, furthermore, prevent the bolt from being removed from the receiver for any purpose until the locking member 105 is thrown into the dotted line position illustrated at A, Fig. 5, at which time the cutaway portion 109 of said locking member will be positioned so that the bolt mechanism may be with drawn from the bolt chamber 24. At the same time that the handle 106 of the looking member 105 is located in the dotted line position illustrated at A, Fig. 5, it will be impossible to actuate the trigger 89 for the reason'that the periphery of the locking member will act as an abutment for the arm 110 of the holder 87, as the upper extremity of said arm will en a e said periphery and prevent the holder 8% rom'being rocked by means of the trigger. Preferably, however, the handle 106 is thrown downwardly to its extreme lowermost position illustrated at B, Fig. 5,

in which'positionsaid handle is located cl'ose cartridge will be engaged in a well known manner andthe empty shell of said cartridge will be thrown upwardly through the opening 114 of the receiver.

An end plate 115 is provided at the rear end the rear end of the bolt chamber 24, and said plate is held in its closed position by means of a spring actuated locking member 116 which engages a catch 117 which is fastened to the stock 10. 1

The general operation of the firearm hereinbefore specificall described is as follows :Assuming t at the bolt mechanism 23 is located in its locked position as illus trated in Fig. 3 and that the connector 27 and striker 34 are located in their cocked ppsitions, at which time the sear 88 is in engage- "ment with the projection 93 of the bar 52 as illustrated in Fig. 4, upon pulling the trigger 89, the bar 52 will be released and the action spring 51 will then force the bar 52,"connector 27 and striker 34 forwardly, forcing the latter against the cartridge within the firing chamber 12' and exploding said cartride. The rearward thrust of the exploding cartridge will then force the bolt head 26 rearwardly within the locking sleeve 25 and as the front extremity of the connector 27 is in contact with the rear extremity of'the bolt.

head 26,. the rearward thrust of the latter ,will be transmitted to the connector, and the latter will be forced rearwardly within the interior of the locking sleeve, carrying with it the operator 43 and pin 45. During the first part of the rearward movement of the pin 45, the latter will be located within the straight portion 48 of the slot 46, and when said pin reaches the helical portion 50 of said slot, the pin upon engaging the edges of said helical portion, will cause the locking sleeve 25 to be rotated to release the lockin lugs 36 and 37 from the shoulder 38 of t e receiver 11, at which time the locking lugs 36 and 37 will be in alignment with the guideways 41 and 42 respectively.

Aftercausing the rotation of the locking sleeve, the pin will pass rearwardly through the straight portion 49 of the slot 46 and when the pinreaches the rear end of said slot, a continued rearward movement of the connector 27 will cause the locking sleeve 25 to move rearwardly in unison therewith against the tension of the action spring 51 and the entire bolt mechanism will move rearwardly through the bolt chamber 24 until the locking lug 37 engages the abutment 108 upon the locking member 105.

During the rearward movement of the locking sleeve 25, the extractor 57 will move rearwardly in unison therewith, pulling with it the empty shell of the exploded cartridge. As the extractor moves rearwardly, it will be guided within the guideway 60, and when the rear extremity of said empty shell reaches the ejector 111, the latter will function in a well known manner to throw said empty shell upwardly through the opening 114 of the receiver.

When the bolt mechanism again moves forwardly under the action of the spring 51, the front extremity of the bolt head 26 will engage in a well known manner the uppermost cartridge that is located within the magazine 15, and said cartridge will be forced forwardly by the bolt mechanism into the firing chamber. When the locking sleeve 25 reaches the limit of its forward stroke, the pin 45 which has previously been located within the straight portion 49 of the slot 46 will again engage an edge of the helical portion 50 of said slot, causing the locking sleeve to be rotated to again engage, the locking lugs 36 and 37 with the shoulder 38, thereby again locking the bolt mechanism.

During this locking movement of the locking sleeve 25, the bolt head 26 will yield slightly within the bore 28 against the tension of the spring 30. As the bolt mechanism moves forwardly, the sear 88 will intercept the forward movement of the bar 52 and automatically cock the striker 34 and the firearm is again ready to be fired by pulling the trigger 89.

To actuate the bolt mechanism by hand, the handle 80 is grasped and raised from the full line position of Fig. 7 to the dotted line position in said figure, and said handle is then pulled rearwardly, en aging. the rear end portion 68 of the slide 6 with the front face of the operator 43, and the latter will then be moved rearwardly in unison with the slide 67, carrying with it the connector 27 The pin 45 upon reaching the helical portion 50 of theslot 46 will cause the locking sleeve 25 to be rotated to unlock the locking sleeve, after which the entire bolt mechanism 23 will be moved rearwardly to its open position in exactly the same manner as ifit were forced rearwardly by an exploding cartridge. When the action spring 51 again forces the bolt mechanism forwardly, the operator 43 will push the slide 67 forwardly where it is locked by means of the latch 75 when the lever 80 is again pushed downwardly to its normal inoperative position.

By utilizing the manual actuator for the bolt mechanism, it is possible to move the striker into its cocked position without unlocking the bolt.

The bolt mechanism of this invention contains a minimum number of strong and durable parts which are so associated with each other that the striker 34 is rendered inoperative to explode a cartridge in the firing chamber 12 until such time as the locking sleeve 25 has been moved into its locked position.

By providing the rotatable sleeve 29 and loosely mounting the same upon the stem of the bolt head 26, and by providing the cooperating countersunk and tapered surfaces upon the locking sleeve 25, sleeve 29 and bolt head 26, and byrinterlocking the bolt head with the extractor so that the bolt head will not rotate in unison with the locking sleeve, the liability of the bolt mechanism to jam is reduced to a minimum and its release from a jam facilitated.

By utilizing the action spring 51 for the purpose of actuating the striker 34, the spring which is usually provided for the purpose of actuating the firin pin and which is usually located within the bolt, is'eliminated.

During the rearward movement of the locking sleeve 25 the lug 39 is located within the groove 62 of the extractor 57 and exerts a straight rearward pull upon the cartridge shell in removing the latter from the firing chamber thereby minimizing the liability of breaking the extractor.

I claim: 1

.1. In a firearm, in combination, a receiver, a barrel attached thereto and having a firing chamber therein, a locking sleeve movable within said receiver toward and away from said firing chamber, .a cartridge engaging bolt head slidably mounted in said locking sleeve, a sleeve rotatable between said bolt head and locking sleeve, and yielding means spacing overlapping front portions of the locking sleeve and bolt head apart longitudinally.

2. In a firearm, in combination, a receiver, a barrel attached thereto and having a firing chamber therein, a locking sleeve movable within said receiver toward and away from said firing chamber, a cartridge engaging bolt head slidably mounted in said locking sleeve, a sleeve rotatable upon said bolt head and .within the locking sleeve, and a spring spacing adjacent front portions of the locking sleeve and bolt head apart longitudinally.

3. In a firearm, in combination, a receiver, a barrel attached thereto and having a firing chamber therein, a locking sleeve movable within said receiver toward and away from said firing chamber, a cartridge engaging bolt head slidably mounted in said locking sleeve, a sleeve rotatable upon said bolt head and within the locking sleeve, said locking sleeve and bolt head having cooperating tapered surfaces, and yielding means to hold said tapered surfaces spaced apart.

4. In a firearm, in combination, a receiver, a barrel attached thereto and having a firing chamber therein, a locking sleeve movable within said receiver toward and away from said firing chamber, a cartridge engaging bolt head having a stem portion slidable within said locking sleeve, a sleeve rotatable upon said stem portion and also having rotatable engagement with the locking sleeve, and a spring surrounding the stem portion and yieldingly spacing adjacent front portions of the locking sleeve and bolt head apart longitudinally.

5. In a firearm, in combination, a receiver, a barrel attached thereto and having a firing chamber therein, a rotatable locking sleeve also slidable within said receiver toward and away from said firing chamber, a cartridge engaging bolt head slidably mounted in said locking sleeve, a sleeve rotatable between said bolt head and locking sleeve, yielding means spacing overlapping front portions of the locking sleeve and bolt head apart longitudinally, and a cartridge extractor mounted upon the locking sleeve and inter-locking with the bolt head and adapted to prevent the latter from rotating in unison with the locking sleeve.

6. In a firearm, in combination, a receiver, a barrel attached thereto and having a firing chamber therein, a locking sleeve movable within said receiver toward and away from said firing chamber, a cartridge engaging bolt head slidably mounted in said locking sleeve, a sleeve rotatable between said bolt head and locking sleeve, yielding means spacing overlapping front portions of the locking sleeve and bolt head apart longitudinally. and a cartridge extractor mounted 'upon the looking sleeve and interlocking with the bolt head, said cartridge extractor being slidable longitudinally upon the locking sleeve and the latter being rotatable with respect to the extractor.

' 7. In a firearm, in combination, a receiver provided with a guideway therein, a barrel attached thereto and having a firing chamber therein, a rotatable locking sleeve also slidable within said receiver toward and away from said firing chamber, a cartridge engaging bolt head slidably mounted in said locking sleeve, and a cartridge extractor mounted upon the locking sleeve and positioned within said guideway and prevented by the latter from rotating in unison with the locking sleeve, said extractor interlocking with-the mounted upon the locking sleeve and positioned within said guideway and prevented by the latter from rotating in unison with the locking sleeve, the latter embodying therein a lug adapted to engage the extractor and cause the same to be moved longitudinally in unison with the locking sleeve, and the extractor interlocking with the bolt head and preventing thesame from rotating in unison with the locking sleeve.

9. In a firearm, in combination, a receiver provided with a locking shoulder thereon, a barrel attached to said receiver and having a firing chamber therein, a locking sleeve movable within said receiver toward and away'from said firing chamber and also having locking means thereon adapted to engage said locking shoulder, a cartridge engaging bolt head slidably mounted in said locking sleeve, means within the locking sleeve to receive animpact from the bolt head and impart a rotary movement to the locking sleeve to disengage the locking means thereof from the locking shoulder, a slide normally disconnected from'the locking sleeve to actuate the same, means to lock said slide in an inoperative position, and a handle pivotally attached to said slide and also operatively connected to said last-named locking means.

'10. In a firearm, in combination, a receiver provided with a locking shoulder thereon, a barrel attached to said receiver and having a firing chamber therein, a locking sleeve movable within said receiver toward and away from'said firing chamber and also having locking means thereon adapted to engage said locking shoulder, a cartridge engaging bolt head slidably mounted in said locking ,sleeve, means within the locking sleeve to receive an impact from the bolt head and impart a rotary movement to the locking sleeve to disengage the locking means thereof from the locking shoulder, a slide normally disconnected from the locking sleeve to actuaate the same, a "latch adapted to interlock with said slide and hold the same in an inoperative position, a handle pivo'tally attached to said slide, and a cam fast to said handle and adapted to actuate the latch to release I the slide.

11'. In a breech bolt mechanism for a firearm, a locking sleeve, a cartridge engaging ing rotatable engagement with the locking sleeve, and a spring interposed between said sleeves and spacing adj acent front portions of the locking sleeve and bolt head apart longitudinally.

12. In a breech bolt mechanism for a firearm, a locking'sleeve, a cartridge engaging bolt head slidably mounted therein, a sleeve rotatable'upon said bolt head and also having rotatable engagement. with the locking sleeve, said locking sleeve and bolt head having c'ooperating tapered surfaces, and a spring surrounding said bolt head and interposed between said sleeves and holding said tapered surfaces spaced apart.

13. In a firearm, in combination, a recelver, a holder pivotally mounted therein, a sear pivotally'mounted upon said holder, a trigger also pivotally mounted upon the holder a pawlslidably mounted upon said trigger and adapted to engage the sear and bevdisengaged therefrom, said trigger being adapted to impart a rocking movement to the holder, and a locking member adapted to prevent the holder from being rocked and thereby prevent the trigger from being actuated.

14. In a firearm, in combination, a receiver, a holder pivotally mounted thereon and having an arm projecting therefrom, a sear pivotally mounted upon said holder, a trigger also pivotally mounted upon the holder, a pawl slidably mounted upon said trigger and adapted to engage the sear and be disengaged therefrom, said trigger being adapted to impart a rocking movement to ,the holder and sear in unison, and a locking member adapted to engage said arm and prevent the holder from being rocked, whereby the trigger 1s prevented from being actuated.

15. A firearm,having, in combination, a receiver provided with locking means thereon, a barrel attached to said receiver and having a firing chamber therein, a locking sleeve movable within said receiver toward and 'ber against-the pressureof said spring, a

striker movable in unison with said lastnamed means, and, a trigger mechanism adapted to, hold the spring under partial restraint and also release thesame to force the striker into engagement with the car.-

- 'tridge.

'I I 16. A firearm having, in combination, a receiver provided with locking means thereon,

a barrel attached to said receiver and having a firing chamber therein, a locking sleeve movable within said receiver toward and away from said firing chamber and also having locking means thereon adaptedto engage said first-named locking means, a spring adapted to hold said locking sleeve in a closed position, a cartridge engaging bolt head slidably mounted in the locking sleeve, means within the locking sleeve to receive an impact from the bolt head and automatically impart a rotary movement to the locking sleeve to disengage the locking means thereof from the first-named locking means and finally force the locking sleeve away from the firing chamber against the pressure of said spring, a striker movable in unison with said last-named means, a trig-' ger mechanism adapted to hold the spring under partial restraint and also release the same to force the striker into engagement with the cartridge, manually o erated means independent of said automatic function to actuate the locking sleeve to unlock the same and then force it to its rearward position, and means to lock said manually actuated means in an inoperative position.

17. In a firearm, in combination, a receiver provided with locking means thereon and a guideway formed therein, a barrel attached to said receiver and having a firing chamber therein, a rotatable locking sleeve also slidable within said receiver toward and away from said firing chamber and having locking means thereon adapted to engage said firstnamed locking means, said locking sleeve also having a slot extending longitudinally thereof provided with a helical intermediate portion, a spring adapted to hold the locking sleeve in a closed position, a cartridge engaging bolt head slidably mounted in the locking sleeve, a connector slidably mount ed within the locking sleeve and adapted to receive an impact from the bolt head, an operator slidably mounted within said .guideway and operatively connected through the slot of the receiver with the connector, whereby a longitudinal movement of the latter will impart a rotary movement to the locking sleeve to disengage the locking means 1..

thereof from the first-named locking means and finally force the locking sleeve. away from the firing chamber against the pressure of said spring, a striker movable in unison with the connector. and a trigger mechanism adapted to hold the spring under partial restraint and also release the same to force the striker into engagement with the cartridge.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand.

I FRANKLIN K. YOUNG. 

